Scientific/medical reason for performing a certain procedure.

In medicine, a condition which makes a particular treatment or procedure advisable. A sign or a circumstance which points to or shows the cause, pathology, treatment, or outcome of an attack of disease.

Refers to a tumor that penetrates the normal, surrounding tissue.

Tumor that has spread from where it started into surrounding, healthy tissue.

The right to have information explained to you so that you fully understand and agree to the nature of the proposed treatment.

Making a decision about participating in a research study involves understanding the potential risks and benefits as well as your rights and responsibilities. The presentation and discussion of these important issues are part of the process called informed consent.

The implantation of radioactive seeds directly into a tumor.

A type of radiation therapy in which radioactive material sealed in needles, seeds, wires, or catheters is placed directly into or near a tumor. Also called implant radiation therapy, internal radiation therapy, and radiation brachytherapy.
Brachytherapy uses radiation to destroy cancer cells and shrink tumors. The radiation source, which looks like seeds, ribbons, or wires, is put into the body by using a catheter placed in or near the cancer cells. Sometimes an applicator or a balloon attached to a thin tube is used. Depending on the type of implant, the radiation source may be permanent, or stay in place for minutes, hours, or days.

The clinical subspecialty that uses fluoroscopy, CT, and ultrasound to guide percutaneous (through the skin) procedures such as performing biopsies, draining fluids, inserting catheters, or dilating or stenting narrowed ducts or vessels.

Interventional radiologists are physicians specializing in minimally invasive, targeted treatments. They use X-rays, MRI and other imaging to insert a catheter in the body, usually in an artery, to treat at the source of the disease non-surgically. As the inventors of angioplasty and the catheter-delivered stent, which were first used in the legs to treat peripheral arterial disease, interventional radiologists pioneered minimally invasive modern medicine.
Today many conditions that once required surgery can be treated nonsurgically by interventional radiologists. Interventional radiology treatments offer less risk, less pain and less recovery time compared to open surgery.

Small growths in the bowel with the potential for further growth.

Intestinal polyps may transform from a benign to a malignant state.

Within the skull.

Intracranial Pressure is the pressure within the cranial cavity, influenced by brain mass, the circulatory system, cerebrospinal fluid dynamics, and skull rigidity.
Increased intracranial pressure, or rise in normal brain pressure, can be due to a rise in cerebrospinal fluid pressure. It can also be due to increased pressure within the brain matter caused by lesions, a tumor, or swelling. An increase in intracranial pressure is a serious medical issue. The pressure can damage the central nervous system by restricting blood flow through blood vessels that supply the brain, or by pressing on important brain structures. Increased intracranial pressure is an emergency. The person will be in the intensive care unit of the hospital. The health care team will measure and monitor the patient’s neurological and vital signs, including temperature, pulse, breathing rate, and blood pressure.
Treatment for increased intracrainial pressure may involve breathing support, draining of cerebrospinal fluid to lower pressure in the brain, and/or medications to decrease swelling. The underlying cause of the pressure, such as a tumor or hemorrhage must also be treated.

Into a muscle.

Within or into muscle, such as injection into muscle (IM)

Within the sella turcica.

The sella turcica is the bony structure at the base of the skull in which the pituitary gland rests.

Into a tumor (usually performed during surgery).

Into a tumor (usually performed during surgery).