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If a tumor forms in an ACTH secreting pituitary cell, it could result in the overproduction of cortisol (Cushing’s Disease) or the underproduction of cortisol (adrenal insufficiency, often referred to as Secondary Addison’s Disease). Cushing’s is a condition characterized by excessive fat accumulation in central parts of the body (obesity, including a rounded or fat-filled face), diabetes, hypertension, a low serum potassium, thinning and bruising of skin, and osteoporosis.
Symptoms of adrenal insufficiency include dehydration, low blood pressure and sodium level, and excessive weight loss. Primary Addison’s Disease is caused when the adrenal glands fail to respond to directions from the pituitary and hypothalamus.
If the tumor forms in a growth hormone producing cell, it can overproduce growth hormone. Tumors that form from growth hormone producing cells cause two different clinical pictures. If they occur in children before the growth plates in long bones have closed, excessive growth hormone will cause gigantism. If the growth hormone excess occurs during adulthood there is excessive enlargement of the hands, feet, and jaw, as well as soft tissue swelling of many tissues (acromegaly). Acromegaly is associated with an increased probability of developing diabetes mellitus, heart attack, hypertension, and certain types of cancer including malignancy of the colon. Most commonly the facial changes develop subtly and may not be noticed by the patient or his/her family.
To read more about symptoms and other Pituitary Disorders, visit our Disorders section.
For more on the pituitary and prevelence of disorders, visit our One in Five section.
For more on the pituitary and how it works, visit Pituitary Basics.
