“Give a man health and a course to steer, and he’ll never stop to trouble about whether he’s happy or not.”

– George Bernard Shaw

 

PNA Spotlight: Dr. Paul A. Gardner

This month the PNA Spotlight focuses on Dr. Paul A. Gardner. 

Paul A. Gardner, MD, joined the faculty at the University of Pittsburgh Department of Neurological Surgery in 2008 after completing his residency and fellowship training at the University of Pittsburgh. He completed his undergraduate studies at Florida State University, majoring in biochemistry, and received his medical degree from the University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine.

Dr. Gardner completed a two-year fellowship in endoscopic endonasal pituitary and endoscopic and open skull base surgery. His research has focused on evaluating patient outcomes following these surgeries and more recently on genomic and molecular analysis of skull base tumors. Dr. Gardner has been the neurosurgical director of the Center for Cranial Base Surgery at the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center since April of 2008 and, along with Carl Snyderman, MD, of the University of Pittsburgh Department of Ophthalmology, leads a renowned course on endoscopic endonasal surgery three times a year.

His answers are below:

PNA Medical Corner: Artificial intelligence and pituitary surgery

The PNA Medical Corner this month features an article co-authored by neurosurgeon Aaron Cohen-Gadol of Indiana University, a longtime member of the PNA. They conclude that A-I and machine learning will improve preoperative planning and surgical strategies in pituitary surgery, but points out challenges on multiple fronts.

Current status of artificial intelligence technologies in pituitary adenoma surgery: a scoping review

Abstract

Purpose: Pituitary adenoma surgery is a complex procedure due to critical adjacent neurovascular structures, variations in size and extensions of the lesions, and potential hormonal imbalances. The integration of artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) has demonstrated considerable potential in assisting neurosurgeons in decision-making, optimizing surgical outcomes, and providing real-time feedback.

    Featured News and Updates

    News Articles October 2025

    News Articles October 2025

    When Cushing’s becomes cancer: metastasis or induced by radiation?

    An article in Cushing’s Disease News looks at a study that examines the case of two women whose benign tumors associated with Cushing’s disease turned malignant.  The question is whether they metastasized or if radiation could have induced the transformation.  More info: https://cushingsdiseasenews.com/news/cushings-pituitary-tumors-rarely-aggressive-cancers/

    Pituitary apoplexy: symptomatic vs asymptomatic

    A study in the Journal of Clinical Neuroscience looks at the clinical profile of patients with and without symptoms of pituitary apoplexy.  Symptoms include “headache, vomiting and cranial nerve palsies.”  People without symptoms who suffered pituitary apoplexy had lower white blood cell counts and lower blood sodium levels. Read more: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0967586825005983

    When a pituitary macroadenoma causes sepsis-like symptoms

    A study on Cureus.com presents a case report where a woman was initially treated for sepsis but turned out to have a pituitary macroadenoma.  Read more: https://assets.cureus.com/uploads/case_report/pdf/413034/20250912-112610-bm0ldk.pdf

     Acute Sheehan’s Syndrome after post-partum pituitary hemorrhage

    A case study presented on Cureus.com looks at the patient who gave birth, suffered a pituitary hemorrhage, and developed acute Sheehan’s Syndome and then pituitary atrophy eight months postpartum. Read more: https://assets.cureus.com/uploads/case_report/pdf/411201/20250914-401650-bm0ldk.pdf

     

    Research Articles

    October 2025 Research Articles

    Pituitary tumors


    A new and useful tool for differentiating prolactinomas from non-functioning pituitary adenomas: a pilot study of the cabergoline disconnection test.

    Galliano SA, Stumpf MAM, Queiroz NL, Ferreira EHR, Craveiro FL, Gruetzmacher C, Silva GOD, Cescato VAS, Vellutini EAS, Cunha-Neto MBC, Batista RL, Glezer A.Einstein (Sao Paulo). 2025 Sep 15;23:eAO1694. doi: 10.31744/einstein_journal/2025AO1694. eCollection 2025.

     

    The evolution and application of multi-omic analysis for pituitary neuroendocrine tumors.

    Pugazenthi S, Pari SS, Zhang Z, Silverstein J, Kim AH, Patel B.Front Med (Lausanne). 2025 Sep 1;12:1629621. doi: 10.3389/fmed.2025.1629621. eCollection 2025.

     

    Limitations of MRI in differentiating solid and cystic components of craniopharyngiomas.

    Karaalioğlu B, Öksüz NÇ, İpek V, Çakır A, Kahraman O, Özbek MA.Childs Nerv Syst. 2025 Sep 16;41(1):281. doi: 10.1007/s00381-025-06941-y.


    Idiopathic Arginine Vasopressin Deficiency With an Incidental Non-functional Pituitary Microadenoma in an Elderly Diabetic Woman.

    Krishna MSV, Babu DVSP, Singh M, Madhavan S.Cureus. 2025 Aug 13;17(8):e89995. doi: 10.7759/cureus.89995. eCollection 2025 Aug.

     

    Cushing’s Disease


    Changing face of Cushing’s disease over three decades in pituitary center.

    Muradov I, Sahin S, Uysal S, Sulu C, Gunebakan P, Tunc A, Kocaman BB, Soltanova L, Gazioglu N, Tanriover N, Kadioglu P.J Endocrinol Invest. 2025 Sep 16. doi: 10.1007/s40618-025-02702-5. Online ahead of print.

    Editor’s note:  Dr. Gazioglu is a member of the PNA.


    Update on Medical Treatment of Cushing’s Syndrome.

    Dillon BR, Agrawal N, Schwarz Y, Dancel-Manning K, Tabarin A, Lacroix A, Hofland LJ, Feelders RA.Drugs. 2025 Sep 15. doi: 10.1007/s40265-025-02223-8. Online ahead of print.

     

    Acromegaly

    Metabolic Factors Related to Interpersonal Dysfunction in Acromegaly: A Nationwide Cross-Sectional Study in China.

    Tagilapalli SK, Wang Z, Lu YL, Zhang G, Su W, Wu Z, Wang J, Rao Q, Wang H, He D, Mou Y, Yao S, Tie Y, Chen W.CNS Neurosci Ther. 2025 Sep;31(9):e70607. doi: 10.1111/cns.70607.

     

    Imaging

    Trade-Off Analysis of Classical Machine Learning and Deep Learning Models for Robust Brain Tumor Detection: Benchmark Study.

    Tian Y.JMIR AI. 2025 Sep 15;4:e76344. doi: 10.2196/76344.

     

    Hormonal health


    Idiopathic hyperprolactinemia-associated hypogonadism in men presenting with normal testosterone levels.

    Cheng X, Xiao Y, Deng Y, Chen Q, Wen X, Zhou E, Zhou H.PLoS One. 2025 Sep 18;20(9):e0332871. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0332871. eCollection 2025.

     

    Evaluation of thyrotrophic and lactotrophic reserves in patients with pituitary dwarfism with and without empty sella turcica.

    Geremia C, Geremia F.J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab. 2025 Jul 21;38(9):904-914. doi: 10.1515/jpem-2025-0082. Print 2025 Sep 25.

    The FDA has approved NGENLA (somatrogon-ghla)

    The FDA has approved NGENLA (somatrogon-ghla), a once-weekly, human growth hormone analog indicated for treatment of pediatric patients aged three years and older who have growth failure due to an inadequate secretion of endogenous growth hormone.

    See the Press Release here>

    Count on your Xeris CareConnection™ Team for unparalleled Cushing’s Support

    Cushing’s can be challenging, but there is support so patients can feel like themselves again. The main goal of treating Cushing’s is to get cortisol levels back to normal. This Pituitary Awareness Month, Xeris Pharmaceuticals® is highlighting the importance of one-on-one support for patients living with Cushing’s Syndrome and support for HCPs treating Cushing’s Syndrome.

    Sign up to get dedicated support:

    Patients: Sign up for support | Recorlev® (levoketoconazole)

    HCP’s: Connect with Xeris support | RECORLEV® (levoketoconazole)

    Have more questions? Call for more support at 1-844-444-RCLV (7258)

    Copyright © 2024 Pituitary Network Association All rights reserved.

    Disclaimer: PNA does not engage in the practice of medicine. It is not a medical authority, nor does it claim to have medical expertise. In all cases, PNA recommends that you consult your own physician regarding any course of treatment or medication.

    Our mailing address is:
    Pituitary Network Association
    P.O. Box 1958
    Thousand Oaks, CA 91358
    (805) 499-9973 Phone - (805) 480-0633 Fax
    Email [email protected]

    You are receiving this Newsletter because you have shown interest in receiving information about our activities.

    If you do not want to receive any more emails from PNA, Unsubscribe.